Ppt pathophysiology of pain powerpoint presentation free. Common causes of pain in the elderly elearning and pdf. The pathophysiology of pain a slideshare tool from painedu. Chronic pain may also result from ongoing damage to or dysfunction of the peripheral or central nervous system which causes neuropathic pain. Coronary syndrome acs or other lifethreatening emergencies suspected. In the spinal cord and brain, microglia and astrocytes are involved. Abdominal pain occurs when mechanical or chemical stimuli trigger the pain receptors in the abdomen. Degroote institute for pain research and care mcmaster university 1200 main st. Models and mechanisms 455 it a response to chronic pain in the selfmutilated limb 49,61,100,157, and others consider that it may simply be a reaction to complete limb anesthesia or to local pain created by the lesion 38,3,225. Pathophysiology of disease 7th edition pdf free download. Most commonly, diagnoses of acute painful spinal conditions are nonspecific, such as neck or back strain, although injuries may affect any of several pain sensitive structures, which include the disk, facet joints, spinal musculature, and ligamentous support. Pain may be broadly classified into physiological and pathological pain.
The word pain takes origin from the latin poena which connotes penalty and has the same root as the word patient, or the sufferer of poena the international association for the study of pain defines pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Pain is thus the result of integrated neural input. They are present in superficial layers of skin, periosteum, arterial walls, joint surfaces, falx cerebri and. Ppt pathophysiology of pain powerpoint presentation. When acute tissue damage occurs, neurochemical reactions at the site of injury. Contents introduction definitions history glossary basic structure of a neuron stimulus and receptors dental and pulpal pain neurotransmitters 2. Neuropathic pain is a complex, chronic pain state that usually is accompanied by tissue injury. Primary afferent pain fibres synapse with secondorder neurons in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. Request pdf pathophysiology of pain pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience, whereas nociception includes the neural processes underlying that experience. Neuropathic pain is common in clinical practice and presents a challenge to patients and clinicians alike. Many features of this immunity are characteristic of acute appendicitis, as a common form of moderately severe, yet localized, bacterial infection. Pain classification nociceptive pain pain signaling pathways are intact and its biological value is clear when acute physiologic pain serves a protective function when chronic pathologic neuropathic pain disease of the pain signaling system there is a central or peripheral malfunction in the pain signaling pathway. Current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments.
Campbell avenue, tucson, az 85724, usa nature of pain pain is described as an unpleasant sensation associated with a speci. However, as we shall explore here, vascular changes do not provide sufficient explanation of the pathophysiology of migraine. The metabolic responses to pain include hyperglycemia due to gluconeogenesis and decreases in insulin secretion or action increased protein metabolism and increased lipolysis. Nociceptive pain involves the normal neural processing of pain. Definitions of pain pain is a complex unpleasant phenomenon composed of. In order to ensure faster downloads and user safety, we have uploaded this. Chronic pain syndrome pathophysiology anesthesia general. Pain is commonly defined as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience due to actual or potential tissue damage or described in such terms. Chronic pain caused by pinched nerve or irritation of the nerve at nerve root close to spinal cord or at foramina before its exit from the spinal canal. Abdominal pain pathophysiology, classification and causes. Pain itself is described as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience beginning with a peripheral stimulus that undergoes a physiological process ultimately resulting in the sensation of pain.
Click the expand arrows at the bottom right of the slide screen to see the slideshow in full screen. It is believed that following injury, rapid and longterm changes occur in parts of the cns that are involved in the transmission and modulation of pain nociceptive information ko and zhuo, 2004. Choose from 500 different sets of pain pathophysiology flashcards on quizlet. Pathophysiology of pain vikram a londhey associate professor, department of medicine, tnmc and byl nair ch hospital, mumbai 400 008. Nov 18, 2019 pathophysiology of pain nociceptive receptors in the periphery respond to ph, atp, and ligands to create afferent nerve conduction. It is produced by processes that either damage, or. This scale may be useful in young children, in patients who have mild to moderate cogni tive impairment, or patients with other language barriers. Pathophysiology of pain classification, types, and.
Before reading the tutorial, please answer the following. Vanderah, phd departments of pharmacology and anesthesiology, university of arizona, college of medicine, 1501 n. To understand the differential diagnosis of chest pain requiring cardiac surgical consultation. Up to onethird of patients do not have throbbing pain. Physiology and pathophysiology of pain analgesia and. Electrical stimulus is sent to the dorsal horn of the spinal cord and synapse at the 2nd order neuron. Pathophysiology of back pain or backacheradicularmuscular.
The pathogenesis of pain sensation includes mechanisms that result in acute or chronic pain. At the level of the spinal cord, the impulses can be amplified or reduced in amplitude by descending inputs. Knowledge on these physiological and pathophysiological processes has accumulated over the last few decades and has started to yield potential therapeutic targets. Ascending spinothalamic and spinoreticular tracts convey. Nociceptive pain involves the normal neural processing of pain that occurs.
There are a 9 abdominal regions and b 4 abdominal quadrants in the peritoneal cavity. The exact mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of chronic pain are complex and remain unclear. An overview of pain pathways is presented, beginning in the periphery and progressing centrally, and the ascending and descending pathways. Kcns1 voltage gated potassium ion channel increase sciatica pain and phantom limb pain scn9a voltage gated sodium ion channel chronic burning pain, phantom limb pain adrb2 beta2adrenergic receptor risk for widespread body pain il6 interleukin 6 pain from endometriosis cacng2 voltagegated calcium ion channel post mastectomy pain. Pain is a major symptom of many different diseases. This can impair functionality and often culminates in delayed recovery. At the level of the spinal cord, the representation of the. Alright, now in this part of the article, you will be able to access the free pdf download of pathophysiology made incredibly easy.
Symposium on pain pathophysiology of pain shelley a. Other mechanical stimuli, such as expansion, contraction, compression, pulling, and twisting of the viscera, also induce pain. Anatomy and pathophysiology of chronic pain and the impact. The pathophysiology of acute pain emergency medicine clinics. Overview of pain merck manuals professional edition. Chapter 3 physiology of pain university of nairobi. Nociceptive pain results from activation of nociceptors in peripheral tissues. May 25, 2018 pathophysiology of abdominal pain or stomach ache include inflammation. From an experimental perspective, pain can be broken down into three types, each mediated by different mechanisms. Microsoft powerpoint pathophysiology of acute and chronic low back pain 2015 author. Pathophysiology and treatment of phantom limb pain. Firstorder neurons 1, with their cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia, arrive from periphery and terminate in dorsal horn. More importantly, opioid receptors located on the peripheral.
Inflammation in the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain. Pain is often classified by its pathophysiology into 2 major types. Emerging results from mri scans from the 1990s have started to piece together some initial ideas behind the mechanics of chronic pain. The cell bodies of these neurons are located in either the dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia of the spinal cord or the trigeminal ganglia that carry pain fibers from the face. Pathophysiology of chronic pain the area of chronic pain and its exact pathology is still a relatively new topic. Modern imaging has demonstrated that vascular changes are not linked to pain and. Pathophysiology of pain free download as powerpoint presentation. Learn pain pathophysiology with free interactive flashcards. Secondorder neurons have cell bodies in dorsal horn, cross in anterior white commissure, and ascend.
The pain pathway is composed of a series of integrated anatomical structures and physiologic processes that are dynamic and may change their structure or process according to pain source, intensity andor duration. Decades of research have established that acute pain after surgery has a distinct pathophysiology that reflects peripheral and central sensitization as well as humoral factors contributing to pain at rest and during movement. Impulses are generated in primary sensory nerves by chemical mediators released from the damaged tissues. Somatic pain receptors are located in skin, subcutaneous tissues, fascia, other connective tissues, periosteum, endosteum, and joint capsules. Discussion of chronic pain pathophysiology is included in the article by hansen on chronic pain elsewhere in this issue. It is highly individual and subjective in nature, often making pain difficult to define scientifically.
Modern pain research has uncovered important neuronal mechanisms that are underlying clinically relevant pain states, and research goes on to define different types of pains on the basis of their neuronal and molecular mechanisms. Current understanding of assessment, management, and. The experience of pain is a subjective one and more than a simple sensation. The spinal cord receives these impulses in the dorsal horn. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. Pathophysiology of pain classification, types and management.
Pain is a subjective sensation that has no objective correlates. Typically, the pain is referred to other structures that. Common causes of pain in the elderly the merrygoround of pain unless it is properly treated, pain can cause people to get stuck in a cycle that goes around and around. Curiously, normally non noxious stimuli can also produce pain, a phenomenon called allodynia.
Pathophysiology of pain mechanisms of vascular disease ncbi. The proposed pathophysiological mechanisms are still in research and include. In some cases, epithelial cells can play a direct role in the. The pathophysiology of acute pain walter allen fink jr, do, faaem, facep united states army, major, department of emergency medicine, madigan army medical centeruniversity of washington, tacoma, wa 98431, usa the sensation of pain is a neuralbiochemical phenomenon. Pathophysiology of pain and pain assessment faces pain scale this scale presents pictures of 6 to 8 different facial expressions depicting a range of emotions. The chronic pain syndrome pathophysiology is disturbance in the process of acute nociception. A basic understanding of the pain pathway is important for the appropriate and effective treatment of pain. The nociceptive pathway, consisting of the classic threeneuron chain, is now understood to be a dual system at each level, and the sensation of pain is thought to arrive in the central nervous system with the discriminative component of pain first pain carried separately from the affectivemotivational component of pain second pain. Recently, data have been emerging on the regulation of these players. However, the scientist who tries to demonstrate how the pain comes about knows that he or she is taking on a far more complex challenge than the study of other biological phenomena. Modern imaging has demonstrated that vascular changes are not linked to pain and diameter changes are not linked with treatment. In this part of the article, you will be able to access the pathophysiology of disease 7th edition pdf almost instantly using our direct links mentioned at the end of this article. The pain signal is modulated at multiple points in both segmental and descending pathways by many neurochemical mediators, including endorphins eg, enkephalin and monoamines eg, serotonin, norepinephrine.
A discussion of the pathophysiology of neuropathic pain and an overview of the modalities used to alleviate it. Pathophysiology of pain ramon go md assistant professor anesthesiology and pain medicine nypcumc. Pathophysiology of pain mechanisms of vascular disease. These mediators interact in poorly understood ways to increase, sustain, shorten, or reduce the perception of and response to pain. Pain has many forms, and the perception of pain is affected by many factors including actual circumstances expectation. Page 3 of 10 to the person in pain, its existence is self evident and utterly convincing. The processes of transduction, transmission, modulation and perception have somehow got disturbed. Visiting consultant rheumatologist, seven hills hospital, marol maroshi, mumbai why so much pain and suffering in this world. Learning objectives anatomic pathway of nociception discuss the multiple target sites of pharmacological agents learn risk factors for the development of chronic pain. Pain at times is severe and continuous and caused by appendicitis, diverticulitis and colitis. Acute pain as a result of tissue damage is selflimiting. Painful stimuli are detected by nociceptors, which are free nerve endings located in tissues and organs. Appreciating the complexity of the pain pathway can contribute to understanding the di.
Acute pain is shortterm pain that comes on suddenly and has a specific cause, usually tissue injury. Current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments pain physiology. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, rohit juneja and others published 1 the physiology of pain find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Pathophysiology of chronic pain mcmaster faculty of. The activation and sensitization of visceral nociceptors are heavily influenced by the secretory and motor properties of the microenvironment where the sensory receptors are located. The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain involves central and peripheral mechanisms and is in principle a maldaptive response of the nervous system to damage. Current understanding of assessment, management, and treatments national pharmaceutical council, inc this monograph was developed by npc as part of a collaborative project with jcaho. Key players are macrophages, tlymphocytes, cytokines, and chemokines. Aug 17, 2017 the pathophysiology of pain posted august 17, 2017 by inflexxion click the expand arrows at the bottom right of the slide screen to see the slideshow in full screen. Pain also causes an increase in the secretion of catabolic harmones and decreased secretion of anabolic harmones. Jun 17, 2019 pathophysiology of back pain or backache.
14 696 398 272 402 1267 363 270 568 630 1533 887 589 295 260 1004 160 591 499 290 1375 66 1117 553 977 13 1534 245 1235 1153 711 1046 1471 1263 1360 546 732 1200